Historical Moment Essay Septima Poinsette Clark - 954 Words

Historical Moment Essay Assignment: Septima Poinsette Clark Throughout history there have been many individuals that changed the course of social, economic and public systems for people across Canada and the United States. Segregation has been a long standing issue affecting African American individuals. Segregation is â€Å"the institutional separation of an ethnic, racial, religious, or other minority group from the dominant majority.† (Dictionary.com, 2005). The Civil War become the beginning of the end of segregation, the differences of continuing the norm of having slave states or free states over the power of the national government prohibiting slavery in territories that had not yet become states. Following the Civil War, the millions of formerly enslaved African Americans hoped to join the larger society as full and equal citizens. (Smithsonian National Museum of American History, N/A). Throughout history many white Americans have embraced them, however the ignorance, racism and ideas to sustain them have led to the division. The 1900’s embodied the old customs of the North and South, with the additions of new laws which created the segregated society the fated African Americans to status of second-class citizenship. An example of someone who fought to change these ideals was Septima Poinsette Clark, wanting to change the way African Americans had access to the public system by educating illiterate blacks and gaining full cit izenship and right to vote. Septima Poinsette

What Is Accounting Ethics Free Essays

What is Accounting Ethics? The term accounting ethics are formed by the combination of two different words, namely accounting and ethics. Fortes, (2011) believes that ‘accounting is the collection, measurement, analysis and reporting of events in financial terms. ’ While Karthik, (2010) believes that ‘ethics in its broader sense, deals with human conduct in relation to what is morally good and bad, right and wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Accounting Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is the application of values to decision-making. These values include honesty, fairness, responsibility, respect and compassion. Therefore, merging the two together will definitely assist in arriving at a proper definition of the term. Hence, accounting ethics can simply be defined as the general rules governing the accounting profession and setting a standard for the practitioners in making the right professional decisions at all times in order to abide by the rules. Dyson, (2010) believes that â€Å"accounting ethics relate to the moral code or principles expected to be adopted in the preparation of accounts†. It should be noted that the importance of accounting ethics cannot be underestimated as it plays a vital role in the daily professional activities of an accountant. It is obvious that in the process of carrying out duties as a professional accountant, their will be various challenges as to whose interest is to be protected. In such a situation, if there are no ethics in place, it is possible for the accountant to act unprofessional. Origin and background of accounting ethics The history of accounting ethics can be traced to the 15th century when the first known accounting book was published. Luca Pacioli, an Italian mathematician who is also regarded as the â€Å"Father of Accounting† wrote on accounting ethics in his first book. The book titled Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni, et Proportionalita, which included two chapters – de Computis et Scripturis – describing double-entry book keeping was published in 1494. Dyson, (2010) states that ‘the first known book on the subject accounting was published in 1494 by an Italian mathematician called Pacioli’. It should be noted however that the publication of this book only brought about the beginning and introduction of accounting ethics and not of accounting itself. Belkaoui, (2004) stated that ‘Luca Pacioli did not invent double-entry book keeping, but described what was being at the time’. He further stated that ‘were we to trace this important science (accounting) back to its origin, we would be naturally led to ascribe the first invention to the first considerable merchants ’. The theories and principles of Pacioli on accounting ethics have been in used from the fifteenth century and the modern book-keeping systems are still based on the principles, although they have had to be adapted to suit modern conditions. Importance of accounting ethics in 2012 The only way by which the importance of accounting ethics can be visible is by the proper enforcement of the ethics on the accounting profession. Several bodies in different countries have been setup to maintain such enforcement. An example is the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in America. This body in the course of its oversight function this year has discovered so many frauds that had gone undetected for many years. Norris, (2012) stated that ‘in 13 of the 23 audits carried out, the board reported that the auditors did not perform sufficient procedures to identify, assess and respond to the risks of material misstatement of the financial statement due to fraud’. This literally means that this year more than fifty percent of firms will have one form of fraud or the other going on in their firms and the only way by which such fraud can be tackled and revealed is by proper enforcement of accounting ethics. References Belkaoui, R. A. , (2004). Account theory. 5th ed. Hampshire: South-Western Cengage Learning Dyson, J. R. , (2010). Accounting for non-accounting students. 8th ed. Essex: FT Prentice Hall. Fortes, H. , (2011). Accounting simplified. Essex: FT Prentice Hall Karthik, N. , (2010). Accounting ethics. Buzzle, (online). Available at: http://www. buzzle. com/articles/accounting-ethics. html. (Accessed 29 October 2012). Norris, F. , (2012). Business day. The New York Times, (online). Available at: http://www. nytimes. com/2012/08/21/business/accounting-board-faults-audits-of-brokerage-firms. html? ref=accountingandaccountants_r=0. (Accessed 26 Oct. 2012) How to cite What Is Accounting Ethics, Papers

Financial Evaluation of Woolworths Supermarkets- Free-Samples

Question: Discusses how the firm's Balance Sheet, Income Statement and Cash Flow Statement could be used to support the decisions of a range of specific Stakeholders of the Firm. Answer: The present study is based on a financial evaluation of Woolworths Supermarkets by considering financial and nonfinancial factors of the company. Cited business is primarily engaged in retailing of groceries along with other household items. At present, the company is operating with more than 111,000 employees for delivering their vast product range inclusive of different levels of generic brands (Gibson, Michayluk Van de Venter, 2013). The company prepares their financial statements by considering Australian Accounting Standards to assist stakeholders in making rational decisions. Further, viable assumptions had made regarding disclosure of their operational activities. Financial analysis of the company shows that profitability of the company is significantly reducing due to which their return on assets and return on equity is adversely affected. Consequently, net worth has been reduced due to a reduction in worth of non-current assets. To cope up with the current financial issues; the company had modified their capital structure by increasing non-current debt and reducing debt (Gitman, Juchau Flanagan, 2015). However; considered strategy is not viable as per their current business situation as they are facing losses. Thus the company is required to enhance equity to reduce their financial obligations and pay the financial cost as per their profitability status. Through the analysis it has been identified that Plant, property and equipment were the key fixed assets of the company. Fixed Assets and investments worth $8371.3 million reduced, $1,793 million driven by important items. Closing inventory worth $4,558.5 million also reduced. Woolworths recognized impairment of plant, property and equipment of $201.3 million pertaining to significant items from continued operations, and $1431.8 million pertaining to discontinued operations. Woolworths also recognized a liability toward benefits that accrue to the employees regarding long service leave and annual leave (Woolworths Group, 2016). Property and plant are valued at cost minus amortization/accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Inventories are measured at the lesser of net realizable value and cost A similar result has been shown by ratio analysis of the company. Profitability ratios are showing declining trend which shows reducing profit earning capacity of the business. However, operational efficiency has been maintained by a company which can be noticed through receivable turnover and asset turnover ratio. The company had maintained stability in this ratio along with attaining slow pace growth (Woolworths Annual report, 2016). Further, presently company does not have appropriate working capital management strategies as their current ratio, and quick ratio is continuously reducing, and they are lower than ideal ratios. The company should improve their working capital strategies to improvise their liquidity position (van Duijn et al 2016). Due to reducing profit, the company had reducing solvency ratios and had modified their capital structure. The overall study shows that Woolworths is not financially performing well. However, this does not indicate their downfall as the company had developed a sustainable position in the market. Management of business entity is able to revive their business position with better operational strategies. Further, this is the ideal time for investors to purchase equity shares as same has been undervalued in comparison to their market worth. With this investment; investors will be able to attain capital benefits as there is the existence of strong probability regarding improvement in financial performance of the company. References Gibson, R. J., Michayluk, D., Van de Venter, G. (2013). Financial risk tolerance: An analysis of unexplored factors.Financial Services Review. Gitman, L. J., Juchau, R., Flanagan, J. (2015).Principles of managerial finance. Pearson Higher Education AU. van Duijn, A. P., Beukers, R., Cowan, R. B., Judge, L. O., van der Pijl, W., Ro?mgens, I., ... Steinweg, T. (2016).Financial value-chain analysis(No. 2016-028). LEI Wageningen UR. Woolworths Group. (2016). Annual Report. [Online]. Available through: https://wow2016ar.qreports.com.au/home/business-review/overheads-cash-flow-and-balance-sheet.html. [Accessed on 23rd August 2017].

Prolonged Preservation Of The Heart Prior To Transplantation Essays

Prolonged Preservation of the Heart Prior to Transplantation Biochemistry Prolonged Preservation of the Heart Prior to Transplantation Picture this. A man is involved in a severe car crash in Florida which has left him brain-dead with no hope for any kind of recovery. The majority of his vital organs are still functional and the man has designated that his organs be donated to a needy person upon his untimely death. Meanwhile, upon checking with the donor registry board, it is discovered that the best match for receiving the heart of the Florida man is a male in Oregon who is in desperate need of a heart transplant. Without the transplant, the man will most certainly die within 48 hours. The second man's tissues match up perfectly with the brain-dead man's in Florida. This seems like an excellent opportunity for a heart transplant. However, a transplant is currently not a viable option for the Oregon man since he is separated by such a vast geographic distance from the organ. Scientists and doctors are currently only able to keep a donor heart viable for four hours before the tissues become irreversibly damaged. Because of this preservation restriction, the donor heart is ultimately given to someone whose tissues do not match up as well, so there is a greatly increased chance for rejection of the organ by the recipient. As far as the man in Oregon goes, he will probably not receive a donor heart before his own expires. Currently, when a heart is being prepared for transplantation, it is simply submerged in an isotonic saline ice bath in an attempt to stop all metabolic activity of that heart. This cold submersion technique is adequate for only four hours. However, if the heart is perfused with the proper media, it can remain viable for up to 24 hours. The technique of perfusion is based on intrinsically simple principles. What occurs is a physician carefully excises the heart from the donor. He then accurately trims the vessels of the heart so they can be easily attached to the perfusion apparatus. After trimming, a cannula is inserted into the superior vena cava. Through this cannula, the preservation media can be pumped in. What if this scenario were different? What if doctors were able to preserve the donor heart and keep it viable outside the body for up to 24 hours instead of only four hours? If this were possible, the heart in Florida could have been transported across the country to Oregon where the perfect recipient waited. The biochemical composition of the preservation media for hearts during the transplant delay is drastically important for prolonging the viability of the organ. If a media can be developed that could preserve the heart for longer periods of time, many lives could be saved as a result. Another benefit of this increase in time is that it would allow doctors the time to better prepare themselves for the lengthy operation. The accidents that render people brain-dead often occur at night or in the early morning. Presently, as soon as a donor organ becomes available, doctors must immediately go to work at transplanting it. This extremely intricate and intense operation takes a long time to complete. If the transplanting doctor is exhausted from working a long day, the increase in duration would allow him enough time to get some much needed rest so he can perform the operation under the best possible circumstances. Experiments have been conducted that studied the effects of preserving excised hearts by adding several compounds to the media in which the organ is being stored. The most successful of these compounds are pyruvate and a pyruvate containing compound known as perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene-egg yolk phospholipid (APE-LM). It was determined that adding pyruvate to the media improved postpreservation cardiac function while adding glucose had little or no effect. To test the function of these two intermediates, rabbit hearts were excised and preserved for an average of 24.5 1 0.2 hours on a preservation apparatus before they were transplanted back into a recipient rabbit. While attached to the preservation apparatus, samples of the media output of the heart were taken every 2 hours and were assayed for their content. If the compound

Affirmative Action Professor Ramos Blog

Affirmative Action Introduction Society is built off a hierarchy, whether that is through economic status or social status, we all have a place in it. This poses a problem and begs the question if there is fairness within our social network. In this report I will introduce the concept of affirmative action, who it has affected society within the workforce and education systems, explain the positives and negatives of affirmative action, and finally analyze what would happen if affirmative action did not exist. What is Affirmative Action? Affirmative action is a policy that intended to integrate the minority group in order to â€Å"[revert] discrimination† (Holzer and Neumark 13). This, in a way, diffused the lines of social boundaries among people of ethnic backgrounds to maintain an equal playing field. Affirmative action was an attempt to retaliate against racial and ethnic discrimination, especially discrimination against African Americans. It was then first used under the executive order of former President John F. Kennedy in 1961 for the purpose of ensuring that the people are treated equally without regard of their ethnic background (AAED). Former President John F. Kennedy intended affirmative action not only to target individuals of color, but regardless of their gender, social status, etc. At first, this policy initially â€Å"focused on improving opportunities for african americans in employment and education† in an attempt to bring equality among the white and blacks, becoming the byproduct of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement (NCSL). The sequence   of events that took place within the oppression of african americans and other minorities that would later come became the recipe of creating the policy of affirmative action. Who is Affected by it? In today’s society, affirmative action technically affect everyone in someway. But in terms of being affected in a beneficial manner, it mainly targets the minority group like african americans, latinos, asians. But affirmative action does not only help those of color, women of different ethnicity are also affected. Statistics reveal that â€Å"6 million women overall had advances at their job that would not have been possible without affirmative action† (Massie). This is significant as it implies that without the policy of affirmative action, there was a possibility that about 6 million would be unemployed or would not have advance in their field of work. Pros and Cons of Affirmative Action Throughout the decades, affirmative action has thrived and benefitted many individuals into a more fair society. Starting with the positives of affirmative action, the most obvious benefit of this policy is that it aids those that are disadvantaged and creates an opportunity to advance in school and work environments (Ayres). This policy opens the possibility for many social environments not to be predominantly white, thus creating and promoting a diverse environment. Another positive effect of affirmative action is that it would facilitate and compensate for centuries of oppression against minorities (Ayres). From the enslavement of african americans and native americans or the japanese internment camps used against the japanese-americans, many would see affirmative action as a way to make up for history’s worth of discrimination and segregation. Although affirmative action provides opportunities and aid in alleviating for the less fortunate, this policy is also not advocated by everyone. There are many that believe that affirmative action also brings up problems into society. Protestors of affirmative action believe it is doing the opposite of what it was intended to â€Å"[serving] as a reverse discrimination† (Ayres). Many are convinced that affirmative action is actually hurting those who are qualified for the task by not being picked over a minority or other ethnic group. Another negative effect of affirmative action is the possibility of reinforcing stereotypes (Ayres). This could be possible among many school or workplace environment as individuals may see minorities do not fit the respective environment. Another article addresses how over 90,000 employees filed employment discrimination complaints towards the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in 2009 (Gaile). This implies that although minorities were giv en the opportunity to be provided work, it does not guarantee the dissipation of racial and ethnic differences. As a result it would, in turn, create and hinder working and schooling institutions. One academic paper accentuates affirmative action would force employers to lower working standards, with the possible consequence that continuous poor performance by the preferred workers will only result in reinforce negative prejudices (Coate and Loury 1221). It is suggesting that by choosing applicant through the process of affirmative action, companies and businesses would be cornered to change their standards. This would indirectly result in a less selective process and ultimately hurt the labor market. A World With no Affirmative Action The policy of affirmative action has certainly affected and shifted society’s social boundaries in ways that are both beneficial and hindering. But it is worth to dwell on the idea of a society that do not use affirmative action. In one study, â€Å"New York Times† presented statistics illustrating the state of California approving the statewide ban of affirmative action and the decline of enrollment rates among hispanics and blacks, with less than five percent of hispanics and less than one percent (â€Å"How Minorities Have Fared†). With the absence of affirmative action it is clear that the enrollment of minorities will decline, leaving the white population overrepresented. Furthermore, another article it pointed out states that were â€Å"post-affirmative action† showed a decline of minority applicants by about twenty-three percent. The repeal of affirmative action resulted in the minority applicants to be neglected and therefore affecting the balance of an already underrepresented social group. Conclusion Affirmative action opens the door not to dissipate inequality but more to promote fairness. Although the main function of affirmative action is to blur the lines of social barriers, it does not certainly mean equality and diversity cannot be side-effects of affirmative action. Affirmative action also functions in a way that gives voice to the underrepresented. But affirmative action alone cannot solve the many social differences that occur. Historically, The Brown v. Board of Education decision, that outlawed school segregation, in 1954 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 along with affirmative action policies were not enough to integrate African Americans and other minorities into the mainstream social infrastructure. Policies alike even today are not sufficient in maintaining equality and equity, and so, affirmative action paves the way of opening a broader spectrum of more acceptance within social differences. Ayres, Crystal. â€Å"20 Principal Pros and Cons of Affirmative Action.† Green Garage, 19 Aug. 2015, greengarageblog.org/20-principal-pros-and-cons-of-affirmative-action. Bautsch, Brenda, and Suzanne Hultin. Affirmative Action | Overview, ncsl.org/research/education/affirmative-action-overview.aspx. Coate, Stephen; Loury, Glenn C. â€Å"Will Affirmative-Action Policies Eliminate Negative Stereotypes?† The American Review, Vol. 83, No. 5. (Dec 1993), pp. 1220-1240. Gaille, Brandon. â€Å"25 Important Statistics on Affirmative Action in the Workplace.† BrandonGaille.com, 23 May 2017, brandongaille.com/24-important-statistics-on-affirmative-action-in-the-workplace/. â€Å"History of Affirmative Action | American Association for Access Equity and Diversity.† AAAED, aaaed.org/aaaed/history_of_affirmative_action.asp. Holzer, Harry; Neumark, David. â€Å"ASSESSING AFFIRMATIVE ACTION.† NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH. August 1999, NBER Working Paper No. 7323 â€Å"How Minorities Have Fared in States With Affirmative Action Bans.† The New York Times, The New York Times, 24 June 2013, archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/06/24/us/affirmative-action-bans.html. Kiesel, Laura. â€Å"What Happens When Theres No Affirmative Action.† TheStreet, 11 Feb. 2014, thestreet.com/story/12321563/1/what-happens-when-theres-no-affirmative-action.html.Massie, Victoria M. â€Å"White Women Benefit Most from Affirmative Action and Are among Its Fiercest Opponents.† Vox, Vox, 23 June 2016, vox.com/2016/5/25/11682950/fisher-supreme-court-white-women-affirmative-action.

Load a DLL From a Resource Directly From Memory

Load a DLL From a Resource Directly From Memory Article idea by Mark E. Moss The article how to store a DLL inside a Delphi program exe file as a resource explains how to ship a DLL with your Delphi application executable file as a resource. Dynamic link libraries contain sharable code or resources, they provide the ability for multiple applications to share a single copy of a routine (or resource) they have in common. Using resource (.RES) files, you can embed (and use) sound files, video clips, animations and more generally any kind of binary files in a Delphi executable. Loading DLLs From Memory if a DLL stored in a RES can be used without first saving it on the file system (hard disk) According to the article Loading a DLL from memory by Joachim Bauch, this is possible. Heres how Joachim looks at the issue: The default windows API functions to load external libraries into a program (LoadLibrary, LoadLibraryEx) only work with files on the filesystem. Its therefore impossible to load a DLL from memory. But sometimes, you need exactly this functionality (e.g. you dont want to distribute a lot of files or want to make disassembling harder). Common workarounds for this problems are to write the DLL into a temporary file first and import it from there. When the program terminates, the temporary file gets deleted. The code in the mentioned article is C, the next step was to convert it to Delphi. Luckily, this has already been done by Martin Offenwanger (the author of DSPlayer). Memory Module by Martin Offenwanger is an extended Delphi (and also Lazarus) compatible version of Joachim Bauchs C Memory Module 0.0.1. The zip package includes the complete Delphi source code of the MemoyModule (BTMemoryModule.pas). Furthermore theres a Delphi and sample included to demonstrate how to use it. Loading DLLs From Resources From Memory If a demo DLL is stored as a resource using the RC file: DemoDLL RCDATA DemoDLL.dll varms : TMemoryStream;rs : TResourceStream;beginif 0 FindResource(hInstance, DemoDLL, RT_RCDATA) thenbeginrs : TResourceStream.Create(hInstance, DemoDLL, RT_RCDATA);ms : TMemoryStream.Create;tryms.LoadFromStream(rs);ms.Position : 0;m_DllDataSize : ms.Size;mp_DllData : GetMemory(m_DllDataSize);ms.Read(mp_DllData^, m_DllDataSize);finallyms.Free;rs.Free;end;end;end; varbtMM: PBTMemoryModule;beginbtMM : BTMemoryLoadLibary(mp_DllData, m_DllDataSize);tryif btMM nil then Abort;m_TestCallstd : BTMemoryGetProcAddress(btMM, TestCallstd);if m_TestCallstd nil then Abort;m_TestCallstd(This is a Dll Memory call!);exceptShowmessage(An error occoured while loading the dll: BTMemoryGetLastError);end;if Assigned(btMM) then BTMemoryFreeLibrary(btMM);end; Have / Create a DLLStore the DLL in a RES fileHave BTMemoryModule implementation.Grab the DLL from the resource and load it directly into memory.Use BTMemoryModule methods to execute procedure from the DLL in memory. BTMemoryLoadLibary in Delphi 2009, 2010, ... The linked BTMemoryModule.pas does not work with Delphi 2009 (and I would assume Delphi 2010 also).I found a similar version of the BTMemoryModule.pas file a while ago, and made changes so it works with (at least) Delphi 2006, 2007 and 2009. My updated BTMemoryModule.pas, and a sample project, are at BTMemoryLoadLibary for Delphi 2009

Attend an Employment Tribunal and write a court report about your Essay - 1

Attend an Employment Tribunal and write a court report about your visit and what you witnessed - Essay Example The ground for his dismissal was not fair. Mr R Rembiszewski had been working for Atkins Ltd for a period of 16 years. He initially joined the company as a Railway architect, a position he held for four years, before he was promoted to the position of the deputy design officer. After working in this department for two years, his boss left, making this position vacant. After a thorough consideration by the Board of directors, he was found suitable to hold the position, and thus was promoted to become the design officer of the company. This was a clear indication that his hard work and efforts were recognized by the company. However, he was never promoted anymore during his tenure in the company, although many promotions had been made. His concern about this saw him protest against discrimination during promotions. This led to his dismissal without of reasonable notice (Painter & Holmes, 2011 p28). The Employment Tribunal had to consider these issues under a single case filed by Mr R R embiszewski, and determine the case appropriately. Lawyers represented each party to the case, where they argued the case for their clients. The facts regarding this case were first presented by Mr Rembiszewski’s lawyer. According to him, there were a series of promotions that occurred in the company during the 16 years that he had worked with the company, yet he had only been promoted twice. According to Mr Rembiszewski, an employee was eligible for promotion if he/she had worked with the company for a minimum of five years, as provided for by company’s policies. This meant that he ought to have been promoted at least three times. The facts also stated that he protested this discrimination, since most of his colleagues, who had worked with the company for a similar duration, had obtained their fair share of promotions. After protesting, the management of the company

Gas line explosion in Fresno Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gas line explosion in Fresno - Essay Example During the explosion, at least 11 people were injured. Most of the victims were inmates who were near the blast site. In this case, the inmates had been assigned cleaning and maintenance duties at the firing range (Marcum & Therolf, 2015). However, three other inmates were unhurt. Firefighters assigned to put out the explosion revealed that, the blaze blackened front loader and formed a crater at the site. The explosion however did not create property damage in the area. Although there were no indications that the PG&E Company had a hand in the fiery accident, the Fresno County Sheriffs are investigating the company’s natural-gas operations. Extensive scrutiny is conducted due to the company’s natural-gas operations that killed at least 8 people after the San Francisco blast in San Bruno suburb (Marcum & Therolf, 2015). On the other hand, the National Transportation Safety Board is blaming PG&E safety practices and Iax lapse by state regulators especially for this occurrence. The State regulators had earlier leveled the biggest-ever fine against utility in the state to cost at least $1.6 billion. This was against PG&E for its role in the Bruno blast (Marcum & Therolf, 2015). Catastrophic pipeline emergencies remain rare. However, with the increasing pipeline catastrophes across the United States, adequate preparation and responses remain important in minimizing life and property risks from pipeline emergencies. To plan effectively for pipeline catastrophes, it is important that emergency responders understand how best the emergency response works. Additionally, the authorities in charge must use resources and tools available in assisting with disaster preparedness and response. Excavators and pipeline organizations must always coordinate before digging. Communities must also consider implementing some of the recommended practices by the PIPA. Most of these recommendations address on people and property protection. They also

Thinking Styles and Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Thinking Styles and Decision Making Essay Levels of thinking differed from one person to another. Each thinking style is influenced by our mainstream society, how we think and develop perception on the material things happening in the surroundings. There are a lot of thinking styles that came into being since the time of old ancestors to the recent modern developers of our age. There are twenty six thinking styles that was developed but we will concentrate our discussion on the three sub-divided types namely the Sensory focus, People focus, and Task focus. Other thinking styles are used in psychological workshops and research such as analyst thinking style, realist thinking style, idealist, synthesist, pragmatist and spiritually-guided thinking style (An Introduction to Thinking Styles,).   In 1995, original concept for the thinking styles was formulated by Fiona Beddoes-Jones to enhance professional and personal development (Thinking Styles,).   Thinking styles can help in dealing with different types of problems in the workplace, academe, family and relationships. The Three Different Thinking Styles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before we proceed it is necessary to define the three levels of thinking styles. Sensory Focus examines things by receiving information through the senses and used the senses to perceive actual events. It is manifested in the visual, auditory, kinaesthetic and digital thinking. Watching, observing and looking pictures, diagrams, and visual imagery are the simple ways of expressing visual thinking while auditory requires the use of words and language, listening and conversing things. Kinaesthetic thinking is expressed through feelings, intuition, emotions, and physical movement and exercise as digital thinking entails the use of data, facts and statistics and the degree of data rationality. On the other hand, People Focus is how people perceived to relate with other people on their direct environment. It is focused on different levels of thinking such as internal and external thinking, self-referenced, altruistic, conforming, challenging, collaborative and competitive thinking. Internal thinking depends on own judgments and decisions and only consider self-knowledge as right and disregards feedback from other people. Some other people tend to dislike their own ideas and are not confident to explore many possible views and usually rely on other people or groups of people to give feedback on certain issues and problems. These people are external thinkers. Moreover, self referenced thinking is an approach of putting their own needs first and disregards the needs of others. In contrast, altruistic thinking involves responding to the needs of others and is willing to extend their help to other people. Conforming thinkers tends to keep away from confrontations and will certainly take a non-challenging methods, in contrast to challenging thinkers who definitely wanted to take confrontations, debates and experiments. Competitive thinkers would like to aspire for competitions and wants to gain victory from their own performance. Persons who wanted duties defined and detailed-oriented are Task Focus thinkers. They are conscious of the details especially in workplace where information is being transmitted through detailed facts and information. The Task Focus thinkers are strategic, creative, logical, options, procedural, towards, troubleshooting, proactive, reactive, simplicity, complexity, sameness, and different thinkers (Ltd., 2005). These thinking styles are distinct from each other but may sometimes closely connected together. Different patterns of these styles are being used as understanding and communicating with other people in surviving the daily response to work and life system. The amount of understanding different types of problems requires thinking styles that may influence critical thinking process. Such mentioned types of styles are good considerations in problem solving and decision making process. Sensory thinking style can help improve relationship with other people in the workplace, school, organizations, friends, and even families. Non-verbal communication somehow helps in understanding different personalities and the way you can approach them when facing a contradiction. Senses can transmit information and analyze things just by looking, observing, listening, feeling, intuitions, and physical movements. By looking at a critical situation using this kind of style, one can already define and identify the drawbacks. Most persons who don’t want confrontations tends to choose sensory focus in delivering and receiving information towards a given situation or crisis within a workplace. While others opted to choose interaction and personal touch to listen and confront problems this is somehow difficult in relating to contradictions with other people. However, it is very effective in most groups of people who are open-minded and problems can be solved instantaneously. Alternatively, task focus is a better way of coping up things since it is focused on goals and targets, detailed information, possibilities and alternatives in solving problems. These type of styles are distinct to each other and generally have an effect on critical thinking process and can possibly help the outcome of the decision making process. The positive upshot makes life more constructive by knowing which style you are most confident and at ease or difficult to cope up with in acknowledging, appreciating, expressing or solving things and difficulties. It brings people together and means more efficiency in duties, constancy in having good health, development of self-being, and gaining more friends and social groups. Reference An Introduction to Thinking Styles [Electronic Version]. Retrieved June 2, 2007 from http://www.earthtym.net/s-general.html. Ltd., T. C. F. C. (2005). Thnking Styles [Electronic Version]. Retrieved June 2, 2007 from http://www.consultingtools.com/media/thinkingstyles.pdf. Thinking Styles [Electronic Version]. Retrieved June 2, 2007 from http://www.cognitivefitness.co.uk/.

A GROSS FORM OF DELIGHTFUL SATIRE Essays -- essays papers

A GROSS FORM OF DELIGHTFUL SATIRE "The stoical scheme of supplying our wants by lopping off our desires, is like cutting off our feet when we want shoes." -Jonathan Swift "We have just enough religion to make us hate, but not enough to make us love on another." -Jonathan Swift Like all true satirists, Swift was predominantly a moralist, one who chastises the vices and follies of humankind in the name of virtue and common sense. Throughout his writing, Swift constantly raised the question of whether the achievements of civilization-its advancing technology, its institutions, its refinement of manners-cannot be seen as complex forms of barbarism. With this theme in mind, Swift wrote some of his best works: A Modest Proposal, Gulliver’s Travels, and A Tale of a Tub. Although he is mastery at prose, he is also known for his poetry. It can be said that the subjects within his writings could be taken from his religious belief in the non-perfection of man. Swift believed that human reason was necessary to divine guidance. According to Herbert Read, Swift was the first poet who dared to describe nature as it is with all its deformities, and to give exact expression to a turn of thought no matter the subject. And because his life was one long mutiny- mutiny against darkness of fate, the injustice of men, the indignity of our bodily functions-his work is one long scrutiny into dark depths. Therefore, he attacks the idealistic idea of feminine beauty by ironically drawing attention to the female body’s excretory functions. Unfortunately, Swift emphasizes women, despite his deep love and friendship for individual women, as a symbol of man’s bestiality. He victimizes women by his own secret over-idealization of her. This is seen in his poems, The Lady’s Dressing-Room, Strephon and Chloe, and A Beautiful Young Nymph Going to Bed. Swift becomes obsessed by the morbidly physical. The gap between spirit and flesh cannot bridge, for flesh has become uncleansable to him. With Swift being seen by Robert Ellis--quoted by Herbert Read-as having neurasthenia, anything that comes regularly and in routine is liable to become intolerable, it is easier to understand some of his writings. This idea gained him much ridicule from critics because thinkers of his day stressed the essential goodness and rationality of humans. Swift, certainly, shares this i... ...od which he was writing and the subjects that were generally written about. Because his descriptions are so detailed, and the imagery is so deep, Jonathan Swift proves himself as a writer to be studied and admired. Bibliography: WORKS CITED Brown, Laura. â€Å"Reading Race and Gender: Jonathan Swift.† Critical Essays on Jonathan Swift. Ed. Frank Palmeri. New York: G.K. Hall & Co, 1993. 122. Davis, Herbert. â€Å"Swift’s View of Poetry.† Poetry Criticism. Ed. Drew Kalasky. Vol. 9. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1994. 259 Donoghue, Denis, Ed. Jonathan Swift. Australia: Penguin Books, 1971. 307. Huxley, Aldous. â€Å"Do What You Will.† London: Chatto & Windus, 1956. Johnson, Maurice. â€Å"The Sin of Wit: Jonathan Swift as a Poet.† Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800. Ed. Dennis Poupard. Vol. 1. New Jersey: Gale Research Company, 1984. 502. Read, Herbert. â€Å"The Poems of Swift.† Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800. Ed. Dennis Poupard. Vol. 1. New Jersey: Gale Research Company, 1984. 453. Watkins, W.B.C. â€Å"Absent Thee from Felicity.† Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800. Ed. Dennis Poupard. Vol. 1. New Jersey: Gale Research Company, 1984. 461.

Mathimatical knowledge and a link to the real world

Outside school, real-life jobs and state of affairss for which mathematical cognition may be utile frequently do non show themselves in such familiar signifiers. The single must interpret the state of affairs or job into a signifier that exposes the relevancy and utility of mathematics. If pupils are unpracticed at such a procedure, the possible power of mathematics to assist cover with the state of affairss and jobs of their life may non be to the full realized and may besides ensue to jobs. Researchs have shown that bulk of pupils are sing jobs in mathematics. The importance of mathematics is likely ignored because of pupils ‘ public presentation over the topic ( Kulak,1993 ) . Globally, about all pupils are kicking about failure in mathematics because of negative attitude over the topic. ( Betz, 1978 ; cited by Zakaria, 2010 ) . Ashcraft ( 2002 ; cited by Hopper, 2010 ) supposes, because of math anxiousness which has developed because of negative experience about mathematics, pupils tend to avoid mathematics which could take to failure. Harmonizing to a research conducted in Florida, the per centum of pupils who failed in math additions ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www2.tbo.com/content/2009/oct/21/college-students-need-help-required-math-classes/news-breaking/ ) . Harmonizing to Tobias ( 1993 ; cited by Philips, 2010 ) , 1000000s of grownups are blocked from professional and personal chances because they fear or perform ill in mathematics, these negative experiences remain throughout their grownup lives. Furthermore, negative attitudes towards mathematics can do cryings of defeats ( Sollesta, 2007 ) . This could ensue to ignorance of Numberss which could take to battles in simple minus and add-on. In the Philippines, Filipino pupils are holding jobs when it comes to math proficiency ( Malipot, 2009 ) . In fact, merely a few per centum crossed the 75-percent degree in math in the 2006 National Achievement Test ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.undp.org.ph/ ? link=news & A ; news_id=231 & A ; fa=1 ) . In add-on, A figure of pupils are dropping mathematics aside from scientific discipline classs normally before and even after scrutiny ( E. Senajon et Al ; in www.philjol.info/index.php/EACRB/article/viewPDFIntersritial/ †¦ 1286. ) . This is an indicant of an bing perennial job because of negative mathematics attitude that has been overlooked by concerned offices and section. The job of mathematics attitude leads to the preparation of different schemes to bring on the involvement of the pupils to analyze mathematics. In fact, the Department of Education ( Ronda, 2009 ) created a scheme to promote public school kids to read every bit good as appreciate mathematics. On the other manus, failure because negative attitude over mathematics can take to miss of assurance to most Filipino pupils ( Chua, 2006 ) , which is possibly a greatest obstruction to acquisition because beliefs govern a individual. The belief that they can non make something may force pupils unable to execute a undertaking of which they are genuinely capable. Locally, peculiarly in Cor Jesu College, a figure of pupils failed in mathematics topics specifically in the Division of Business and Accountancy based from the bluebook where failed pupils are listed. This research is conducted for the intent of cognizing the relationship between mathematics attitude and mathematics public presentation to selected first twelvemonth Bachelor Science in Accountancy pupils.Theoretical ModelIn old researches ( Di Martino & A ; Zan, 2001, 2002, 2003 ; Zan & A ; Di Martino, 2003 ) deficiency of theoretical lucidity that characterizes research on attitude has been the issue of most research workers. The deficiency of theoretical model that characterizes research on attitude toward mathematics is partly shown by the fact that a big part of surveies about attitude do non supply a clear definition of the concept itself: attitude tends instead to be defined implicitly and a posteriori through the instruments used to mensurate it ( Leder, 1985 ; Daskalogianni & A ; Simpson, 2000 ) . This survey is anchored with Cognitive-Gestalt theory. Harmonizing to Burns ( 1995 ; cited in hypertext transfer protocol: //www.brookes.ac.uk/services/ocsd/2_learn/theories.html ) the accent of this theory is on the importance of experience, significance, problem-solving and the development of penetrations. Which proves that the public presentation of the pupil depends on their experiences either at place or in school and how they give intending to it.s In the facet of instructor ‘s behaviour and its scheme, Weiner ‘s ascription analysis supposes that pupils ‘ operation is affected by the instructors ‘ emotional and behavioural reactions ( Stipek, 2002 ; p-73 ) which means, pupils ‘ public presentation in the schoolroom can be brought about by instructor ‘s behaviour or attack towards the pupils and the topic itself. In add-on, Weiner ‘s ascription analysis brings in clear beliefs that the schoolroom is the topographic point where judgement is conveyed, non merely when it comes to pupils ‘ behaviour but besides the instructor ‘s response toward the pupils ( Stipek, 2002 ; p-73 ) . Silva, Tadeo, Delos Reyes, & A ; Dadigan ( hypertext transfer protocol: //math.usm.my/research/OnlineProc/ED12.pdf, 2009 ) , assume that despite how knowing the instructors are in learning math, it is still non plenty to learn the pupils and incorporate that cognition towards acquisition. On the other manus, public presentation in mathematics can besides be rooted from anxiousness. Harmonizing to Stodolsky ( 1975 ; cited by Stipek, 2002 ) mathematics direction that is fostered in pupils stating that mathematics is something that is learned from an authorization which can non be figured out on one ‘s ain. Stodolsky supposes that the pupils perceive the topic as hard to analyze on 1s ability and instead necessitating an authorization to larn the topic. This authorization is the instructor as mentioned by Stodolsky. The conceptual model of the survey elaborated the relationship between Mathematicss Attitude ( independent variable ) which was measured into three dimensions: ( a ) Cognitive dimension, ( B ) Behavioral dimension, and ( degree Celsius ) Affective dimension ; and Mathematics Performance of Bachelor of Science in Accountancy Freshmen, school twelvemonth 2010-2011 in the topic, College Algebra and Accounting 1. The See Fig.1Conceptual ModelIndependent Variable Dependent VariableMathematicss AttitudeAffectional DimensionBehavioral DimensionCognitive DimensionMathematicss Performance inCollege AlgebraAccounting 1Fig. 1. Conceptual Paradigm of the StudyStatement of the ProblemThis research was examined the relationship between mathematics and mathematics attitude and mathematics public presentation of Bachelor of Science in Accountancy ( BSA ) freshers, school twelvemonth 2010-2011. Specifically, it will besides try to happen the replies of the undermentioned sub-problems: What is the profile of the pupils ‘ mathematics attitude in footings of: Cognitive, Behavioral, and Affective? What is the pupils ‘ mathematics public presentation in capable countries: College Algebra and Accounting 1? Is there a important relationship between mathematics attitude and mathematics public presentation?HypothesisHolmium: There is no important relationship between mathematics attitude and mathematics public presentation.Significance of the StudyThe importance of this survey is to steer the undermentioned people: Students. The consequence of this survey will assist the pupils in cognizing the possible grounds why they are dying in math. Parents. The result of this survey will assist the parents know the possible ground for their kid ‘s failure in math. It will be helpful for them to be cautious with their kid ‘s public presentation. Teachers. The findings if this survey will function as a manual for the instructors peculiarly math instructors in finding what scheme to utilize cognizing the information given in this survey. The consequence of this research can be used as a footing to decrease, if non extinguish failures by set abouting alterations and inventions in instructions and the course of study in general. This will function as an oculus opener toward absorbing advanced thoughts in instruction. Psychologists and School counsellor. The consequence of this survey will be used as a footing for the school counsellors every bit good as the psychologists to better understand why pupils behave or misbehave in math. Administrators. The findings of this survey can function as one of the bases for curricular rating and planning. It will besides steer the decision makers in their witting attempt to undergo planned alterations in pulling up systematic strategy of measuring pupils ‘ public presentation. Researcher. The consequence of this survey will supply a foundation for new research.Scope and Restrictions of the StudyThe survey is limited to freshers pupils who are enrolled in topics College Algebra and Accounting 1during the first semester, peculiarly the Bachelor of Science in Accountancy, Cor Jesu College confined to period of 2010-2011. The range of the survey is more likely for the benefit of the instructors sing the per centum of pupils in footings of their mathematics attitude in relation to mathematics public presentation of the pupils. Findingss of the survey would therefore, be true merely for the topics concerned and for the given period of clip, although these could be used as footing for similar surveies that would be conducted at the different colleges in the state.Definition of FootingsCor Jesu College refers to the premier Catholic establishment in Southern Mindanao, peculiarly located in Digos City, Davao del Sur. Mathematicss attitude refers to the pupils ‘ reaction towards mathematics as a topic and as an application. Specifically determined into three dimensions: ( a ) cognitive, ( B ) behavioral, and ( degree Celsius ) affective. Cognitive dimension refers to the mental facet of attitude which concerns the thought procedure approximately mathematics as a topic and as an application. Behavioral dimension refers to the action facet of attitude which concerns mathematics as a topic and as an application. Affectional dimension refers to the emotional facet of attitude which involves in the pupils ‘ perceptual experience about mathematics as a topic and as an application. Mathematicss public presentation refers to the pupils ‘ competency in mathematics peculiarly in topics College Algebra and Accounting 1. Mathematicss Attitude and Mathematics Performance refers to the relationship of the pupils ‘ perceptual experience,Chapter 2REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIESThis chapter presents subjects on mathematics attitude, mathematics public presentation, and the relationship of Mathematics Attitude and Mathematics Performance as related literatures and surveies.Related LiteratureArticles and some write-ups concerning mathematics attitude, mathematics public presentation, and the relationship between mathematics attitude and mathematics public presentation are abundant. Majority of these articles draw a fact that mathematics attitude and mathematics public presentation show a important connexion in mathematics public presentation.Mathematicss AttitudeMathematicss is the linguistic communication of engineering. It is used to explicate, construe, and work out jobs in Fieldss every bit diverse as technology, economic sciences, communicating, seismology, and ecology. It is the bedrock for the computing machine revolution. Mathematics provides us with powerful theoretical and computational techniques to progress our apprehension of the modern universe and social jobs and to develop and pull off the engineering industries that are the anchor of our economic system. Attitude. Harmonizing to Liska ( cited in ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nd.edu/~rwilliam/xsoc530/attitudes.html ) , attitude is either be favourable or unfavourable appraising reaction toward something or person, exhibited in 1s beliefs, feelings, or intended behaviour. It is a societal orientation – an implicit in disposition to react to something either favourably or unfavourably. The mundane impression of attitude refers to person ‘s basic liking or disliking of a familiar mark. These surveies have shown that, for illustration, misss tend to hold more negative attitudes towards mathematics than male childs ( Frost et al. , 1994 ; Leder, 1995 ) , and that attitudes tend to go more negative as students move from simple to secondary school ( McLeod, 1994 ) . The general attitude of the category towards mathematics is related to the quality of the instruction and to the social-psychological clime of the category ( Haladyna et al. , 1983 ) . The attempt to advance positive attitudes has been slightly successful on the single degree. For illustration, mathematics anxiousness can be reduced through systematic desensitization ( Hembree, 1990 ) . On the whole category degree the attempts to reform learning to advance coveted attitudes have by and large been unsuccessful ( McLeod, 1994 ) . However, recent grounds suggests that collaborative attacks can advance positive attitudes among pupils ( e.g. Boaler, 1997a, B, 1998 ; Ridlon, 1999 ) . An of import purpose of mathematics instruction is to develop in pupils positive attitudes towards mathematics. The impression of holding a positive attitude towards mathematics encompasses both wishing mathematics and experiencing good about one ‘s ain capacity to cover with state of affairss in which mathematics is involved. In this scene, attitudes are perceived as being closely linked to beliefs, emotions, and motive to prosecute in the topic. ( Australian Education Council, 1991 ; cited in, ) Harmonizing to Lopez ( cited in hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articledashboard.com, February 15, 2011 ) , attitude is a permanent rating of people, objects, or thoughts which may be positive or non. The construct of attitude is composed of three constituents which include cognitively-based attitudes, affectively-based attitude, and behaviorally-based attitude. Attitude toward mathematics is defined as a general emotional temperament toward the school topic of mathematics † ( Haladnya et al. , 1983, p. 20 ) . Maple and Stage ( as cited in Schiefele & A ; Csikszentmihalyi, 1995 ) found that â€Å" attitude toward mathematics significantly influenced pick of mathematics major. â€Å" One of the most of import grounds for fostering a positive attitude in mathematics is that it may increase one ‘s inclination to elect mathematics classs in high school and college and perchance to elect callings in a math related field † ( Schiefele & A ; Csikszentmihalyi, 1995 ) Mathematicss Attitudes Attempts in the schoolroom to right the common social perceptual experience that â€Å" mathematics is hard † are frequently exacerbated no less due to the already entrenched attitudes and feelings that pupils have by the clip they reach secondary degree. Kloosterman & A ; Gorman ( 1990 ) suggest that the formation of the belief that some pupils learn more readily than others and non everyone will be high winners in schoolcan lead to a impression that affects accomplishment in mathematics: the impression that it makes small sense to set forth attempt when it does non bring forth consequences that are considered desirable. Besides impacting larning and attitude are other factors such as motive, the quality of direction, time-on-task, and schoolroom conversations ( Hammond & A ; Vincent, 1998 ; Reynolds & A ; Walberg, 1992 ) and as a consequence of societal interactions with their equals ( Reynolds & A ; Walberg, 1992 ; Taylor, 1992 ) . Many surveies have been conducted on mathematics attitudes and instruction ( Leder, 1987 ; McLeod, 1992 ; Zan, Brown, Evans, & A ; Hannula, 2006 ) but for the intents of this undertaking, McLeod ‘s ( 1992 ) definition of attitudes is adopted: â€Å" affectional responses that involve positive or negative feelings of moderate strength and sensible stableness † ( p. 581 ) . McLeod contends that attitudes develop with clip and experience and are moderately stable, so that hardened alterations in pupils ‘ attitudes may hold a durable consequence. Lefton ( 1997 ) besides argues that attitude is a erudite pre-disposition to react in a systematically favorable or unfavorable mode towards a given object. Positive and negative experiences of school activities produce learned responses which may in bend impact on pupils ‘ attitudes as they get older, when positive attitudes towards mathematics appear to weaken ( Dossey, Mullis, Lindquist, & A ; Chambers, 1988 ) . Harmonizing to Hart ( 1989 ) , mathematics attitude should be viewed as a sensitivity to react in an unfavourable or favourable manner to mathematics. By accepting this position, mathematics attitude includes relevant beliefs ( e.g. â€Å" Mathematics helps me understand scientific discipline lessons † ) , behavior ( e.g. â€Å" I will use for a occupation affecting mathematics † ) and attitudinal or emotional reactions ( e.g. â€Å" I like work outing mathematical jobs † , â€Å" I feel disquieted when work outing mathematical jobs † ) . In other words, by generalizing from Key ( 1993 ) , it can be said that an instrument mensurating mathematics attitude should try cognitive, affectional and behavioural spheres, perchance represented, as the old analysis suggests, by assurance in larning mathematics, wishing mathematics and utility of mathematics, for illustration. Cognitive. Mathematics is believed as an exceptionally hard topic that everybody needs some cognition acquired during the primary and in-between phase will do. Its survey requires particular ability and intelligence ( Sidhu, 1995 ) . The importance of math is likely ignored because of pupils ‘ public presentation in the topic. The bulk of pupils referred for school psychological science services are sing some academic jobs. Although reading accomplishments shortages are the common of these academic jobs, researches have shown that the bulk of pupils sing jobs in mathematics ( Kulak, 1993 ) . Malipot ( 2009 ) believes that instructors and the authorities ( Sabater, 2006 ) can assist pupils in bettering their ability in the field of mathematics. Dr. Balmaceda ( Garcia, 2007 ) dispels the popular misconception that math is merely about measures ( how many ) . Most fail to see the originative facet of mathematics. Affective. It is a phenomenon that is frequently considered when analyzing pupils ‘ jobs in mathematics ( Hopper,2010 ) . On the other manus, Chua ( 2006 ) supposes that math anxiousness is a merchandise of a instruction scheme. At first, anxiousness may non take topographic point. Skills which are developed based on drills, pattern, and memorisation seem honoring to teacher and pupil likewise. When lessons become more advanced and more complicated, the figure of points to be memorized gives an impossible load to pupils ‘ memory. The pupil would so experience that he has reached a phase at which his apparent success desserts him. Here an anxiety-provoking state of affairs starts to face the scholar. The harder the pupil tries, the worse he/she performs because the pupils will necessarily utilize the lone attack he/she knows, which is mathematics. Emotions are seen in connexion to personal ends. Emotions are besides seen to affect a physiological reaction, as a differentiation from non-emotional knowledge. Third, emotions are besides seen to be functional, i.e. they have an of import function in human header and version. ( E.g. Buck, 1999 ; Lazarus, 1991 ; Power & A ; Dalgleish, 1997 ; Mandler, 1989 as cited by Hannula,2010 )Mathematicss PerformanceStudent battle in mathematics refers to pupils ‘ motive to larn mathematics, their assurance in their ability to win in mathematics and their emotional feelings about mathematics. Student battle in mathematics plays a cardinal function in the acquisition of math accomplishments and knowledge – pupils who are engaged in the acquisition procedure will be given to larn more and be more receptive to farther acquisition. Student battle besides has an impact upon class choice, educational tracts and subsequently calling picksThe Relationship Between Mathematics Attitude and M athematics PerformanceMa and Kishor ( 1997 ) synthesised 113 study surveies of the relationship between attitude towards mathematics and accomplishment in mathematics. The causal way of the relationship was from attitude to the accomplishment. Although the correlativities were weak in the overall sample, they were stronger throughout classs 7 to 12, and in surveies that had done separate analysis of male and female topics ( Hannula, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to Ma and Kishor ( 1997a ) , there is a positive interaction between mathematics attitude and mathematics accomplishment ( Kadijevich, February 17, 2011 )Chapter 3MethodologyThis chapter presents the design, puting, participants, step, processs, and informations analysis.DesignThis survey made used of descriptive-correlation design ( Ariola, 2006 ) since the purpose of the survey was to find whether or non there is a relationship between mathematics attitude and mathematics public presentation. This survey determined the important relationship between mathematics attitude and mathematics public presentation of the Bachelor of Science in Accountancy freshers pupils who were enrolled in College Algebra and Accounting 1 during the first semester. The independent variable was the mathematics attitude, which has sub-variables viz. : cognitive, behavioural, and affectional. Furthermore, the dependent variable of the survey was mathematics public presentation which was determined from the concluding classs of the respondents in College Algebra and Accounting 1.PutingThe survey was conducted in the premiss of Cor Jesu College campus located in the City of Digos, Province of Davao del Sur.ParticipantsThe participants of the survey were the indiscriminately selected Bachelor of Science in Accountancy freshers pupils who took up College Algebra and Accounting 1 in the first semester A.Y. 2010-2011. The sampling process was done based on random choice from its entire population of 155. Slovin ‘s expression ( Ariola, 2006 ) was used to find the sample size of 113 pupils. Using the expression below: n = __N__ 1 + NeA? Where ; n = sample size N = entire size vitamin E = desired border of mistake ( 0.05 ) Thereafter, the respondents were selected utilizing the lottery method ( Ariola, 2006 ) . The entire population was arranged consecutive and assigned numerical designations. Matching Numberss were marked on separate checks and were put into a container. This was to guarantee that every person has the same opportunity of being chosen as every other single ( Ariola, 2006 ) .MeasuresThe research instrument used in the survey was the Mathematics Attitude Scale ( MAS ) , retrieved from the survey of Acejalado, Limjap. The writer of the survey was asked by the research worker a permission to utilize the questionnaire. However, the e-mail history of the writer was deactivated. The study questionnaire was composed of 50 points with statements based from the dimensions of attitude, viz. : affectional dimension, behavioural dimension, and cognitive dimension of pupils ‘ perceptual experience about mathematics as a topic and as an application. The respondents were asked to measure the statements through look intoing utilizing the undermentioned measuring ( Likert ‘s graduated table ) : Strongly agree- 1, Disagree- 4, Agree- 2, Strongly disagree- 5, and Neutral- 3. The graduated table of the reading of the average tonss of the dimensions of mathematics attitude set by the psychometrician are as follows: 4.4-5.0 really high, 3.6-4.3 high, 2.8-3.5 moderate, 1.9-2.7 low, 1.0-1.8 really low.ProcedureA missive of permission to the Dean of College bespeaking the blessing for the permission to carry on a research survey in the college section. After which, another missive of permission submitted to the Dean of the Division of Business and Accountancy, ( DBA ) . After holding the blessing, a requisition missive was sent to the caput registrar for the finding of the entire population of DBA freshmen pupils. The information was gathered from the concerned establishments and offices such as the College Dean and the Dean of DBA through a formal missive. After holding the blessing, the names of the pupils who took up College Algebra and Accounting 1 during the first semester were asked from the school registrar through a formal consent. After which, random sampling was made to place the respondents. The instrument disposal was given in January 2011 based from the handiness of the respondents. The questionnaire was follow-upped every now and so. After garnering the full answered questionnaire, each point was tallied in conformity to each respondent.Datas AnalysisChapter 4RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThis chapter deals with the presentation, analysis and reading of the informations gathered utilizing research instrument. Consequences and treatments are presented harmonizing to the job and hypothesis of the survey.

American Health Care Systems Issues Health And Social Care Essay

The Ever Increasing Cost of Care. The cost of wellness attention has been on the addition for decennaries. From 1960 through 2006, wellness attention disbursement has seen an addition of 9.9 per centum each twelvemonth, while the national Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) rose merely 7.3 per centum during the same period. Additionally, Americans are paying well more than any other developed state. In 2008 entirely, the national wellness attention measure was about $ 2.5 trillion dollars ( Johnson T. , 2010 ) . This astronomical sum was about 16 per centum of the Gross Domestic Product. In simpler footings, every adult male, adult female, and kid in the state received $ 7,680 of medical attention ; yet, 1000000s of Americans had no coverage at all ( Kimbuende, Ranji, Lundy, & A ; Salganicoff, 2010 ) . In comparing, England ‘s wellness attention budget for 2009 was $ 160 billion for every English citizen ( Lyall, 2010 ) . In fact, no other industrialised state had similar outgos as the United States. President Obama admitted every bit much in a 2009 address to the American Medical Association: â€Å" Today, we are passing over $ 2 trillion a twelvemonth on wellness attention – about 50 per centum more per individual than the following most dearly-won state † ( 2009 ) . What state was the following most dearly-won? Actually, Norway and Switzerland were the following more dearly-won states with both passing $ 4,500 per individual in 2007 ( Pearson, 2009 ) . In add-on, insurance premiums have risen well in the last decennary. Employer-provided insurance premiums rose over 130 per centum while employee rewards merely saw an approximative 30 per centum addition. Furthermore, workers have seen their part addition over 125 per centum since 1999. The people who purchase their ain insurance have a significant addition in premium monetary values every bit good. The monetary value of the mean household policy in 2009 was $ 7,102 with an extra $ 1,690 spent on out-of-pocket disbursals ( Schoen, Nicholson, & A ; Rustgi, 2009 ) . Medicare and Medicaid presently account for approximately $ 750 billion dollars or 21 per centum of the national budget with Medicare having about two-thirds at $ 468 billion ( Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 2010 ) . Payroll revenue enhancements were responsible for about 90 per centum of Medicare funding merely two old ages ago. Currently, Medicare is the primary insurance coverage for 45 million people. The bulk of receivers are over 65 but there are several million younger persons enrolled because of entire disablement. About 50 per centum of Medicare enrollees have at least three ongoing medical issues ; about half are besides really hapless. Ten per centum of Medicare receivers are responsible for two-thirds of the full plan ‘s disbursement ( Potetz & A ; Cubanski, 2009 ) . Obviously, Medicare needs more gross come ining its system or less money go outing its system. A combination of both would give the most favourable overcome for the plan. About 60 million Americans are take parting in the Medicaid plan with an extra 16 million enrolling in the following five old ages due to the health care reform jurisprudence. In 2008, the state spent about $ 340 billion on Medicaid. Which is non surprising since Medicaid is the primary remunerator for nursing place and other long-run attention. In add-on, Medicaid pays for much of mental wellness costs. It besides provides public infirmaries with 33 per centum of their net gross. Millions of people are working because Medicaid provides support for many occupations in the community. Like Medicare, a little per centum of Medicaid patients are responsible for over 50 per centum of entire Medicaid disbursement. Yet, Medicaid has the lowest administrative costs of all insurance remunerators ( Kaiser Family Foundation, 2010 ) . Where Is All The Money Going? Hospital attention is devouring the largest per centum of wellness attention dollars. For 2008, it accounted for about 30 per centum of all wellness attention disbursement. Unsurprisingly, the cost for the mean stay of four and one-half yearss will change from one installation to another ( U.S. Department of Health & A ; Human Services, 2008 ) . As an illustration, the cost for handling pneumonia can be every bit small as $ 1,900 or every bit much as about $ 16,000. Furthermore, the 30-day readmission rate was similar regardless of the cost of intervention. Similar attention should intend similar cost yet with the state ‘s infirmaries this is clearly non the instance ( Chen, Jha, & A ; Guterman, 2010 ) . Doctor and clinical services are besides devouring a immense per centum at 20 per centum. Many would reason malpractice or the fright thereof is driving some of these costs. However, physicians may good be the key to harnessing in physician-related disbursals ( Kaiser Family Foundation, 2009 ) . Training on the fiscal elements of wellness attention needs to be of high precedence, such preparation will do physicians more cognizant of the cost of a peculiar class of intervention. They will besides be more willing to order a generic or cheaper drug that will supply the same consequences ( Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2010 ) . At 10 per centum, prescription drug use is besides taking a big part of the wellness attention dollars. Prescription drug disbursement has been the fastest turning component of the wellness attention field. In merely 18 old ages, disbursement for prescription drugs jumped from approximately $ 40 billion yearly to $ 234 billion in 2008. For several old ages, drug shapers enjoyed the most net income of any industry. Conversely, generic drugs were one of the primary grounds that prescription drug disbursement slowed by 12 per centum from 1999 until 2005. Of all the FDA approved drugs, 80 per centum has a cheaper, generic equivalent. Because of this low-cost option, most physicians will discourse the out-of-pocket cost of medicines with their patients. Over 60 per centum of physicians switched to a less dearly-won drug and 58 per centum of doctors provided free samples to their patients ( Lundy, 2010 ) . Solutions to Escalating Health Care Costss Technology will be indispensable in commanding costs. Electronic medical records will non merely cut down some administrative costs but it would besides let physicians to entree pertinent information needed to handle the patient in the most efficient and effectual manner. For illustration, the medical records would clearly demo the doctor all current trials and lab work completed, thereby diminishing the likeliness of extra acerate leaf trials and lab work every bit good as X raies. They would besides alarm the physician to patients who may be merely seeking to obtain narcotics. Most significantly, they have the possible to cut down medical mistakes in prescriptions drug interactions and in transmittal of really of import information between different medical suppliers ( Johnson T. , 2010 ) . A consumer-driven program is besides really of import in cost containment. When the patient has input in their ain wellness attention determinations, they become better consumers. Therefore, it is imperative that the existent costs of wellness services are readily available to the patient. Most consumer directed programs besides involve greater cost sharing, which will be ineluctable in promoting people to go more cognizant of the high cost of medical attention in America ( Johnson, 2010 ) . The bar of chronic preventable disease will be a cardinal component in commanding costs. Obesity, although non technically a disease, is the precursor to other really preventable, chronic diseases. Type 2 diabetes and bosom disease are two of the diseases straight related to fleshiness. Possible fiscal inducements to employees may promote more people to watch their weight and to take part in some sort of physical activity if needed. Some companies have gone every bit far as to increase the employee portion of premium part if an employee has high hazard factors such as fleshiness or baccy usage. Similarly, Medicaid patients should portion in the cost of their intervention. For illustration, if a patient does non desire to do important life style alterations to continue their wellness position so they should be required to pay some clip of extra fee. As overall wellness indexs improve, the fee can be refunded to the patient. Nicotine trials for baccy users can be one index. The resting bosom rate may be another index used for physical activity since the resting bosom rate lessenings, as a individual becomes more physical active. And, yes, the parents have to be held responsible for the negative wellness indexs of minor kids. Standardized medical charge could perchance salvage one million millions of dollars in administrative costs. For case, should all insurance companies use a procedure similar to the 1 used for treating Medicare claims ; there will be a drastic decrease in administrative disbursals. Of class, this would see uniformity in entry and payment of all claims. This would besides cut down the waiting period for payment ( Evans, 2010 ) . A Dim Future If wellness attention cost are non curtailed, economical desolation will be the result. Many employers are fighting to maintain up with the ever-increasing cost of wellness attention. Employers spent $ 460 billion for medical coverage in 2006. In other words, they spent 12 per centum of entire working budget on wellness insurance. Because of the uninterrupted addition in insurance costs, companies have to increase the cost of goods sold. General Motor reportedly has to add about $ 2,000 to the monetary value of each vehicle to cover the $ 5 billion it spends on employee wellness attention each twelvemonth. Employers spend $ 2.38 per hr for medical benefits while their foreign rivals spend $ .96. In fact, Johnson claimed, â€Å" At 12 per centum, wellness attention is the most expensive benefit paid by U.S. employers † ( 2010 ) . If this tendency continues, American companies will probably free fight in the international playing field. Some employers will hold no other option other than dropping wellness attention coverage wholly. Many more Americans will probably register bankruptcy because of reeling medical measures. Presently, about half of all personal bankruptcies file are partially because of medical disbursals. Many people are proroguing intervention because of cost. When intervention is eventually obtained, the status is much more expensive to handle with longer recovery periods. Seniors will hold to salvage a considerable sum to cover costs that Medicare will non pay ( Kaiser Family Foundation, 2009 ) . More employers are switching much of insurance premium increases to the worker. This in bend is go forthing more people with less take-home wage and larger out-of-pocket disbursals. In order to salvage money, some workers will non seek medical aid when needed. Alternatively, they will take extra ill yearss trusting remainder will do things better. Merely when the consumer usage available wellness attention sagely, will at that place be a positive result. Unfortunately, many may take to waive medical intervention when it is most needful ( Johnson, Rockoff, & A ; Mathews, 2010 ) . Medicare and Medicaid are the primary insurance for 1000000s of aged and hapless Americans. Numerous persons are besides double eligible, which allows them to have coverage from Medicare and Medicaid at the same time. Dual eligible persons must hold really low income to measure up for both plans. Intelligibly, these persons have much greater wellness demands than regular Medicare receivers. Medicare is the primary coverage ; nevertheless, Medicaid helps to pay the Medicare premiums. Medicaid besides picks up the check for services that are restricted or non collectible under Medicare. Medicaid pays for the long-run attention of 70 per centum of nursing place occupants. In add-on, because of the wellness attention reform jurisprudence, 1000000s more will be added. Although, province and federal money fund the Medicaid plan, the federal authorities will pay 96 per centum of the cost for people enrolled because of the wellness attention authorization ( Kaiser Family Foundation, 2010 ) . Decision Without a uncertainty, something has to be done to decelerate the cost of wellness attention so every American can hold entree to quality, low-cost attention. Electronic medical records can be a start in the acclivitous conflict to suppress cost. The benefits of fewer medical mistakes, less paperwork, and a more dependable transmittal of pertinent information greatly outweigh privateness concerns. Standardized charge will besides cut down administrative costs and see timely processing of all claims ( Johnson T. , 2010 ) . Furthermore, the figure of people having Medicare will increase to 79 million in twenty old ages. The aging population and longer life anticipation are responsible for this immense figure. Additionally, the figure of workers paying into the fund will see a lessening ( Potetz & A ; Cubanski, 2009 ) . How can an already delicate system survive this added strain? The registration age has to be raised a few more old ages. This will let more people to work longer to pay in and prorogue the registration of more people at the same time. Medicaid on the other manus, need more people paying just premiums and co-payments. The consumer of wellness services has the duty of doing better lifestyle picks. Chronic, ongoing medical issues have a annihilating consequence on persons, their households, and the national wellness attention system.

Character Analysis of Sammy in Updikes A P

Character Analysis of Sammy in Updikes A P Free Online Research Papers Sammy works at an A P grocery store near the beach. He works the cash register and is seemingly an ordinary nineteen year old boy. One day at work, Sammy sees three girls enter the grocery store, each girl wearing only a two piece bathing suit. Immediately he begins to analyze each girl and their unique traits, in a rather crude sort of way. He is a careless young man and gives an impression that he is somewhat ill-mannered at times. One can see this by his actions and diction in the story. For example, Sammy sees the backside of one of the girls that comes into the store and he says, â€Å"She was a chunky kid, with a good tan and a sweet broad soft-looking can†¦ (P.310).† The three girls cause Sammy to make a rather rational decision. Perhaps while trying to impress them, while the girls are making their way out of the store, Sammy tells his boss that he quits and he hopes the girls hear it. In this paper, I will discuss how actions like these express Sammy’s language and convey his character. Sammy acts like most nineteen year old boys do. He thinks he knows the world and the people around him and how they work. However, his careless actions cause him problems at times. Sammy shows that he can be easily distracted when he says, â€Å"I stood there with my hand on a box of HiHo crackers trying to remember if I rang it up or not. I ring it up again and the customer starts giving me hell (P.310).† Sammy is so obsessed over the girls that he forgets about his duties as an employee. In return for his carelessness, Sammy gets an earful from the customer. He also seems ill-mannered when he says, â€Å"I uncrease the bill, tenderly as you may imagine, it coming from between the two smoothest scoops of vanilla I had ever known were there (P.312),† referring to Queenie’s body parts. Although Sammy is careless and ill-mannered, he also seems principled and firm. He gets upset with Lengel scolding the young ladies and Sammy, without thinking twice, acts rationally and decides to quit. He knows this decision will upset his parents, but he sticks with this decision. Lengel says, â€Å"You don’t want to do this to your Mom and Dad,† and Sammy says, â€Å"It’s true, I don’t. But it seems to me that once you begin a gesture it’s fatal not to go through with it (P.313).† This statement shows that Sammy is unyielding and once he has his mind set on something, he doesn’t think twice. I believe Sammy makes a mistake by quitting. He did it because he thought the girls would hear and pay him some attention, but it still is not worth losing a job over a group of girls that he might not ever see again. The setting of the story is an interesting one. The story seems like an abstract sort of romance, except it takes place in a grocery store. The grocery store does not seem like the proper setting for a romantic story. Instead, it is just an ordinary place around town. The girls could have thought of Sammy as any ordinary guy just like they though of A P as any ordinary grocery store, as if the he is just a part of the place where he works. Sammy’s actions and setting help the reader better interpret his character, just as the setting and diction do for any other story. One can understand and visualize the feelings and thoughts of a character through the character’s actions in the story. Research Papers on Character Analysis of Sammy in Updike’s â€Å"A Mind TravelEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHip-Hop is ArtThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsWhere Wild and West MeetCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Lesson Plans for Eid al Adha--a Muslim Holiday Celebration

Lesson Plans for Eid al Adhaa Muslim Holiday Celebration Eid al Adha is perhaps the most joyful of Muslim holidays. Coming at the end of the Hajj, it is a family celebration involving gift giving and gathering as a family. This part of the unit introduces the core belief’s of Islam, the specifics of Eid al Adha, and celebrates the cultural differences of two cultures. If you have a Mosque in your community, I would suggest contacting them to find a speaker. Or, you can invite a Muslim that you know to come and speak about how their family celebrates Eid al Adha. They will be thrilled that you recognize the importance of this festival. Day 1: An introduction to Islam and to the Festival Objective: Students will be able to identify Ibrahim, Ishmael and Eid al Adha. Procedure: Do a KWL chart: What do you know about Islam? You students are likely to know very little, and it may negative. How you respond to that will have to do with the ability of your students: You can find majority Muslim countries on a map. You can find pictures on Google Images. Tell the following stories: Muslims believe that many years ago God, or Allah, sent an angel to a man named Mohammed who lived in Mecca in what is not Saudi Arabia. The angel gave Mohammed a holy book called the Koran that told them what God wanted from people. Mohammed is called a prophet, because he brought the word of God to the people of the Middle East. The people who believe the writings of the Koran are called Muslims and the religion is called Islam, which means â€Å"Submission,† or to obey God. Muslims believe that they need to obey God by reading the Koran and doing what it tells them. What they should do is defined by five pillars: Pillar One: Shahadah (Declaration of Faith) â€Å"There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His Prophet†Pillar Two: Salat (Prayer) Muslims pray at least 5 times a day.Pillar Three: Zakat (Almsgiving)Pillar Four: Sawm (Fasting,) which goes for thirty days during the month of Ramadan.Pillar Five: Hajj (Pilgrimage) Every Muslim hopes to make the pilgrimage to Mecca during the Hajj in their lifetime. Eid al Adha: This festival, which comes at the end of the Hajj, remembers an event in the life of Ibrahim, which is the Arabic name for Abraham. Ibrahim was chosen by Allah to share the word of the Unity of God. He had a single son, Ishmael. The Koran tells the story of how Ibrahim was commanded by God to take his son, Ishmael, to the mountaintop and there to sacrifice him to Allah. Allah wanted Ibrahim to prove to him that he truly was obedient. Ibrahim took his son to the mountain with a heavy heart. He built a fire. He bound Ishmael. As he was about to kill his son, Allah sent Gibril, a messenger angel, to stop him. He brought the message that by being obedient, Ibrahim had truly made a sacrifice. Muslim people gather in the Mosque to remember Ibrahim’s sacrifice. They gather in their homes later to feast and to share gifts. Evaluation: Make the following cards for your word wall: Allah, Islam, Mohammed, Eid al Adha, Ibrahim, Ishmael. Identify the Cards: Mohammed is the Prophet of Allah. Islam is the name of the religion of those who believe in the teachings of Mohammed and the Koran Eid al Adha is a family celebration. Ibrahim was the faithful servant of Allah Ishmael was Ibrahim’s son. After putting them on the wall, ask them to identify: Point to the name of the prophet, etc. Day 2: Zakat (or Alms Giving) Objective: Students will understand that generosity is a value of Islam, by identifying gift giving as a practice of Zakat, or Almsgiving. Procedure: Read the book Aminah and Aisha’s Eid Gifts. Questions: To whom did Amina give gifts? Why did they give gifts? Activity: Coloring Pages Have the children color several packages and label to whom they would give the gifts. Evaluation: Ask students what it means to be generous. Day 3: Symbols and Not Images Objective: Students will identify the symbols of the star and crescent with Islam. Procedure: Review The Story of Eid al AdhaThe five pillars.The Word Wall. The Crescent and Star: Copy the coloring page on to transparencies, one for each each child (or reduce, and run two per sheet.) Distribute colored markers, either permanent or transparency, and have the students color the crescent and star. Cut around them and mount in the window. Day 4: A Taste of Islam Objective: Students will name Kheer as a traditional Middle Eastern food, served in many Islamic countries. Procedure: Prepare as much of the Kheer Recipe ahead of time as possible. Save heating and the addition of spices for school. Add spices and heat the Kheer in the school microwave. Serve individual portions. Discuss taste, when you would eat the Kheer, and find out whether students do or do not like it.

Mental Health Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Mental Health Law - Essay Example The practitioner is within the law if he chooses to extend the stay of the patient at the hospital provided his observations find such a recommendation necessary. The law does not expressly state whether the patient or a person close to them has a right to be consulted in the making of this decision. Section 3 is identical to section 2. The only difference is that the focus has now shifted from assessment to actual treatment. Therefore the criterion in the previous section warrants this move. The other distinction between section two and three is that the previous one deals with ‘admission’ for treatment while the latter deals with ‘detention’ for treatment. The practitioner up to this point is within the law. The detention, unlike the admission can run to a period of up to six months and can also be extended. The involvement of his sister is not a mere coincidence however. This brings the whole issue of guardianship into the picture. Guardianship is covered under section 7 of the Mental Health acc, 1983. The guardian can be an authority in social services. This is clearly the case with his sister. The section also states that the social services person can decide the residence of a person. In this case his sister’s recommendation of detention carries the day. The only question is to what extent the powers of the guardian extend. A family tug of war however emerges amidst all this regarding whether the detention should go ahead or not. However, this should not interfere with the care that the patient receives. There are violations of his rights that might be the result of family ties and even his sexual orientation. The imposition of a dress code on his part is evidence of this. The fact that his rights are not spelt out to him at the start is also evidence of violation. It seems in this case that there is on effort on the part of the medical staff to detain the